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__NOTOC__ The term soke (; in Old English: ', connected ultimately with ', "to seek"), at the time of the Norman conquest of England generally denoted "jurisdiction", but due to vague usage probably lacks a single precise definition. In some cases ''soke'' denoted the right to hold a court, and in others only the right to receive the fines and forfeitures of the men over whom it was granted when they had been condemned in a court of competent jurisdiction. Its primary meaning seems to have involved ''seeking''; thus ''soka faldae'' was the duty of seeking the lord's court, just as ''ラテン語:secta ad molendinum'' was the duty of seeking the lord's mill. The ''Leges'' also speaks of pleas ''ラテン語:in socna, id est, in quaestione sua'' (pleas which are in his investigation). Evidently, however, not long after the Norman Conquest considerable doubt prevailed about the correct meaning of the word. In some versions of the much-used tract ''ラテン語:Interpretationes vocabulorum'' soke is defined: ''ラテン語:aver fraunc court'', and in others as ''ラテン語:interpellacio maioris audientiae'', which glosses somewhat ambiguously as ''claim ラテン語:ajustis et requeste''. The word ''soke'' also frequently appears in association with ''sak'' or ''sake'' in the alliterative jingle ''sake and soke'', but the two words lack etymological links. The word ''sake'' represents the Old English ', originally meaning "a matter or cause" (from ' "to contend"), and later the right to have a court. The word ''soke'', however, appears more commonly and appears to have had a wider range of meaning. The term ''soke'', unlike ''sake'', sometimes applied to the district over which the right of jurisdiction extended (compare Soke of Peterborough). Adolphus Ballard argued that the interpretation of the word "soke" as ''jurisdiction'' should be accepted only where it stands for the fuller phrase, "sake and soke", and that "soke" standing by itself denoted services. Certainly, many passages in the Domesday Book support this contention, but in other passages "soke" seems to serve merely as a short expression for "sake and soke". The difficulties about the correct interpretation of these words will probably not unravel until historians elucidate more fully the normal functions and jurisdiction of the various local courts. A sokeman belonged to a class of tenants, found chiefly in the eastern counties, occupying an intermediate position between the free tenants and the bond tenants or villeins. As a general rule they had personal freedom, but performed many of the agricultural services of the villeins. Historians generally suppose they bore the rank of "sokemen" because they belonged within a lord's ''soke'' or jurisdiction. Ballard, however, held that a sokeman was merely a man who rendered services, and that a sokeland was land from which services were rendered, and was not necessarily under the jurisdiction of a manor. The law term, socage, used of this tenure, arose by adding the French suffix ' to '. ==See also== * History of English land law * Soke used in place-names: * * Portsoken a district in the City of London * * Soke of Peterborough * * Thorpe-le-Soken * * Kirby-le-Soken * * Walton-le-Soken * Socken 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Soke (legal)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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